What is frame rate? Explanation, examples, and tips

How does frame rate work in video and animation?

Frame rate, abbreviated as fps (frames per second), is the speed at which individual images are played back in succession. Our brain combines these frames into smooth motion. At around 24 fps, you already experience a cinematic look, partly due to natural motion blur. In Europe, 25 fps has historically been the standard; 30 fps is common in the US and online. Higher frame rates provide more detail during fast movement and reduce motion blur, but place greater demands on the camera, lighting, storage, and playback device. Recording and playback go hand in hand: if you film at 60 fps but play back at 30 fps, you either sacrifice frames or use the surplus for slow motion. Don't confuse frame rate with shutter speed: that determines the amount of motion blur per frame. You can efficiently test timing and rhythm (including fps feel) with an animatic.

Choices such as "on ones" or "on twos" influence the perception and required frame rate in 2D. Read more about 2D animation and frame rates.

In 3D animation, the frame rate is often related to the render output, motion blur settings, and the distribution channel. See also 3D animation frame rate explanation for context.

Do you work with puppets or objects? The impact of fps is particularly noticeable in frame rate in stop-motion (smoothness versus jerkiness).

Commonly used frame rates and when to choose them

• 24 fps: classic film look with natural motion blur; ideal for storytelling and cinematic animation.
• 25 or 30 fps: standard for TV and online; 30 fps looks smoother and works well for social media and screencasts.
• 50 or 60 fps: extra smooth for action, gaming, and sports. Also useful for 2x slow motion at 25 or 30 fps.
• 120 or 240 fps: intended for slow motion. Playback at 30 fps provides 4x to 8x slow motion with high detail.

Are you creating motion design for social media or explainers? Then pay attention to readability and rhythm; you can read more about this under motion graphics and fluidity.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the best frame rate?

That depends on your goal. For cinematic storytelling, 24 fps; for general online video, 25-30 fps; for sports and action, 50-60 fps; and for slow motion, 120 fps or higher.

Which is better, 60 fps or 30 fps?

60 fps looks smoother and sharper when there is movement; 30 fps is lighter and more cinematic. Choose 60 fps for action and dynamics, 30 fps for calm content and lower bandwidth.

What is the difference between frame rate and refresh rate?

Frame rate (fps) is how many video frames your source delivers. Refresh rate (Hz) is how often your screen can refresh per second. You cannot see 120 fps in full on a 60 Hz display.